| 1973 | B.Sc. Pharmacy, University of Durban-Westville
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| 1974-1981 | Pharmacist, King Edward VII Hospital, Durban
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| 1977-1990 | Member, African National Congress
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| 1990-1994 | Chairperson, Convention for a Democratic South Africa
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| 1991-1994 | Co-chairperson, Transitional Executive Council, Pretoria
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| 1994-1998 | Member, African National Congress, Parliament of South Africa, Pretoria
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| 1995-1997 | Council Member, University Council, University of Durban-Westville
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| 1998-1999 | Deputy Commissioner, South African Revenue Services, Pretoria
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| 1999-2009 | Commissioner, South African Revenue Services, Pretoria
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| 2000-2006 | Chairperson, World Customs Organisation
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| 2007 | Doctorate, Commerce honoris, University of South Africa and Doctorate, Law honoris causa, University of Cape Town
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| 2009-2014 | Minister, South African Ministry of Finance, Pretoria
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| 2014-2015 | Minister for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Pretoria
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| 2015-2017 | Minister, South African Ministry of Finance, Parliament of South Africa, Pretoria
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| since 1994 | Minister of Parliament, African National Congress, National Assembly
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| since 1996 | Chairperson, Constitutional Committee, Parliament of South Africa
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| since 2008 | Chairperson, Forum on Tax Administration |
| | Degrees in Law and Business Administration, WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), University of Vienna and University of California, Berkeley
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| 1983-1985 | University Assistant, WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), Vienna
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| 1985-1993 | Tax consultant, later authorised signatory and tax advisor
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| since 1993 | Partner, Deloitte Austria, Vienna
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| since 2000 | Managing Partner, Deloitte Austria, Vienna |
| 1978-1980 | Bank apprenticeship, Deutsche Bank AG
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| 1988 | 1st and 2nd law degrees, Universities Münster and Bochum, OLG Hamm
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| 1988-1990 | Assistant Professor, Fernuniversität Hagen
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| 1990 | PhD, Faculty of Law, Fernuniversität Hagen
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| 1990-1992 | In-house lawyer, Deutsche Bank AG
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| 1992-1999 | Counsel in Legal Department-Operations, EIB - European Investment Bank
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| 1999-2005 | Head of Division, Legal Department-Operations, EIB - European Investment Bank
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| 2005-2009 | Director, Legal Department-Operations, EIB - European Investment Bank
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| 2009-2012 | Deputy General Counsel and Head of Department, Legal Directorate, EIB - European Investment Bank
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| since 2012 | Director General and EIB Group Chief Compliance Officer, EIB - European Investment Bank |
| | Studied Economics, University of Vienna
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| | Started his professional life in the Chamber of Labour in Vienna, where he became Director of the department for External Trade and European Integration
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| 1990-1993 | Director, Economic Policy Department, Confederation of Austrian Trade Unions, Vienna
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| 1993-1995 | Member of the College, EFTA Surveillance Authority
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| 1995-2001 | Deputy Director General, Directorate General for the Internal Market, European Commission, Brussels
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| 2001-2005 | Deputy Director-General, DG Enterprise and Industry, European Commission, Brussels
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| 2005-2012 | Director-General, DG Enterprise and Industry, European Commission, Brussels
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| 2012-2016 | Director-General, DG TAXUD - Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission, Brussels
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| since 2016 | Retired, Special Advisor for Commissioner Moscovici |
| 1962-1966 | Intermediate Examinations of the Institute of Management Accountants, United Kingdom
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| 1966-1969 | Honours Degree in Economics and Law, University of Wales
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| 1969-1973 | Ph.D, Department of Economics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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| 1973-1980 | Economist, Tax Division, OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris
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| 1980-1990 | Senior Economist, Fiscal Affairs, OECD, Paris
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| 1984-1990 | Senior Lecturer, American University in Paris
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| 1991-2001 | Head of the Fiscal Division, OECD, Paris
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| 1991-2011 | Guest Lecturer at the International Development Programme, Harvard Law School, Boston
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| 2001-2012 | Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD, Paris
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| since 2012 | Director WU Global Tax Policy Center and Professor at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law
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| since 2012 | Senior Policy Advisor to the Global Vice President Tax, Ernst & Young
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| since 2013 | Advisor to the European Tax Commissioner
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| since 2014 | Panel Chairperson of the Technical Advisory Panel of the Singapore Managament University
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| since 2015 | Senior Advisor UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
