| 1980-1987 | B.A. Degree, Economics, University of Cambridge |
| 1988-1989 | Master of Philosophy (M. Phil.) - with distinction |
| 1988-1996 | Economist, Banking Research Division and then in the Competition Policy Division, Banca d'Italia, Rome |
| 1995 | Advisor to the Italian Prime Minister (President Lamberto Dini), Banca d'Italia, Rome |
| 1996-1999 | Senior Economist, Financial Structures Unit, Banca d'Italia, Rome |
| 1999-2001 | Expert and then Senior Expert, Macroprudential Analysis, Banking and Financial Issues Unit, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main |
| 2001-2003 | Principal Secretary, Banking Supervision Committee, European System of Central Banks, Frankfurt am Main |
| 2003-2004 | Head, Financial Supervision Division, Directorate Financial Stability and Supervision, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main |
| 2004-2008 | Secretary General, CEBS and Company Secretary, Committee of European Banking Supervisors, London |
| 2008-2011 | Head, Supervisory Regulations and Policies Department, Banca d' Italia, Rome |
