| | Studied political science and sociology at the State University of Groningen, where he graduated cum laude in 1971 with a thesis on Western perceptions of the Cultural Revolution in China. |
| 1982-2003 | teaching poltical science at the State University of Leiden |
| since 1979 | political columnist of the Amsterdam daily 'Het Parool' |
| 1988 | appointed professor in the theory and history of international relations at the University of Amsterdam |
| since 2001 | columnist international affairs of the weekly 'Elsevier |
| 2003 | senior research fellow, Dutch Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael |
| | Founder and co-editor of the 'Jaarboek voor het democratisch socialisme' (Annual Review of Democratic Socialism) of which 25 volumes have been published between 1979 and 2005. |
| 1982 | Promotion zum Dr.oec.publ., Universität Zürich |
| 1990 | Habilitation im Gebiet Volkswirtschaftslehre, Universität Zürich |
| | Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an den Universitäten Zürich und Konstanz (u. a. im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft) |
| 1984-1985 | Fellow am Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin |
| 1992 | Heisenberg-Stipendiatin |
| 1992-1994 | Assistenzprofessur für Forstliche Ressourcenökonomie an der ETH Zürich |
| 1994 | Professur (C3) für Finanzwissenschaft an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
| seit 1994 | Ordinaria für Politische Ökonomie/Finanzwissenschaft an der Universität Innsbruck |
