| | Studies in law and political science at the University of Vienna and economics at the IHS - Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna
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| 1967 | Doctorate in Law, University of Vienna
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| 1968-1973 | Assistant to Kurt W. Rothschild, Institute for General Economics and Public Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz
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| 1972-1973 | ACSL Fellow, Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge
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| 1973 | Tenure-track professorship in General Economics and Public Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz
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| 1973 | Call to TH Darmstadt, Chair in Public Economics
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| 1974-1981 | Full Professor and Head of the Institute of Finance, Johannes Kepler University Linz
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| 1981-2008 | Full Professor, Vienna University of Economics and Business (successor to Stephan Koren), partly on leave, Vienna
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| 2003-2005 | Vice Rector, Financial Affairs, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna
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| | Business activities:
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| 2008 | Honorary doctorate in Social and Economic Sciences, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt
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| 1971-1979 | Member and later President, Governing Board of PSK - Österreichische Postsparkasse, Expert on cartel matters, Cartel Court of the Superior Land Court, Vienna
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| 1999-2003 | Vice-President and Member of the Management Committee, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg
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| 2006-2007 | Chief Executive Officer, BAWAG P.S.K. Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft Österreichische Postsparkasse Aktiengesellschaft
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| | Political activities
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| since 2008 | Governor, Oesterreichische Nationalbank
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| 1978-1999 | Member of the Austrian Parliament
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| 1980-1987 | Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Committee
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| 1985-1999 | Chairman of the Finance Committee |
