The European Region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino was established as a way of reconnecting with the historical roots of the Princely County of Tyrol, which existed from 1504 to 1918. Today, identity-building initiatives remain an important part of its work. Increasingly, however, the focus is on the question of whether, beyond mere symbolism, cross-border projects can be implemented that provide tangible benefits to the nearly 1.9 million people living in the three regions across two EU member states.